COLLEVILLE-SUR-MER, France — Veterans gathered Friday in Normandy to mark the 81st anniversary of the D-Day landings — a pivotal moment of World War II that eventually led to the collapse of Adolf Hitler’s German regime.

Along the coastline and near the D-Day landing beaches, tens of thousands of onlookers attended the commemorations, which included parachute jumps, flyovers, remembrance ceremonies, parades and historical reenactments.

Many were there to cheer the ever-dwindling number of surviving veterans in their late 90s and older. All remembered the thousands who died.

Harold Terens, a 101-year-old U.S. veteran who last year married his 96-year-old sweetheart near the D-Day beaches, was back in Normandy.

“Freedom is everything,” he said. “I pray for freedom for the whole world. For the war to end in Ukraine and Russia, and Sudan and Gaza. I think war is disgusting. Absolutely disgusting.”

Terens enlisted in 1942 and was shipped to Great Britain the following year, attached to a four-pilot P-47 Thunderbolt fighter squadron as their radio repair technician. On D-Day, Terens helped repair planes returning from France so they could rejoin the battle.

U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth commemorated the anniversary of the D-Day landings, in which American soldiers played a leading role, with veterans at the American Cemetery overlooking the shore in the village of Colleville-sur-Mer.

French Minister for the Armed Forces Sébastien Lecornu told Hegseth that France knows what it owes to its American allies and the veterans who helped free Europe from the Nazis.

“We don’t forget that our oldest allies were there in this grave moment of our history. I say it with deep respect in front of you, veterans, who incarnate this unique friendship between our two countries,” he said.

Hegseth said France and the United States should be prepared to fight if danger arises again and that “good men are still needed to stand up.”

“Today the United States and France again rally together to confront such threats,” he said, without mentioning a specific enemy. “Because we strive for peace, we must prepare for war and hopefully deter it.”

It was the first trip to Europe since Hegseth called America’s allies there “PATHETIC” in a private Signal group chat,and said that he shared the vice president’s “loathing of European freeloading.”

So there was some anxiety and nervous trepidation about his visit.

But on this day, delivering a speech before the 9,389 graves of U.S. soldiers lying beneath rows of white crosses in the Normandy American Cemetery, all of whom died after the June 6, 1944, assault, Hegseth offered no offense. He described the successful assault on Nazi-occupied France, which proved a turning point in the war, as a victory of many allied countries, including even the French Resistance.

“The enemy underestimated the strength of the Allied war cause,” he said from a podium before a modest international crowd and about two dozen American World War II veterans, most about 100 years old, watching from wheelchairs nearby.

The June 6, 1944, D-Day invasion of Nazi-occupied France used the largest-ever armada of ships, troops, planes and vehicles to breach Hitler’s defenses in western Europe. A total of 4,414 Allied troops were killed on D-Day.

In the ensuing Battle of Normandy, 73,000 Allied forces were killed and 153,000 wounded. The battle — and especially Allied bombings of French villages and cities — killed about 20,000 French civilians between June and August 1944.

The exact number of German casualties is unknown, but historians estimate between 4,000 and 9,000 men were killed, wounded or missing during the D-Day invasion alone.

Nearly 160,000 Allied troops landed on D-Day.

Of those, 73,000 were from the U.S. and 83,000 from Britain and Canada. Forces from several other countries also were involved, including French troops fighting with Gen. Charles de Gaulle. The Allies faced about 50,000 German forces.

More than 2 million Allied soldiers, sailors, pilots, medics and other people from a dozen countries were involved in the overall Operation Overlord, the battle to wrest western France from Nazi control that started on D-Day.

The New York Times contributed to this report.