1922

The Supreme Court, in Leser v. Garnett, unanimously upheld the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, which guaranteed the right of women to vote.

1933

Germany’s parliament building, the Reichstag, was gutted by fire; Chancellor Adolf Hitler, blaming the Communists, used the fire to justify suspending civil liberties.

1939

The Supreme Court, in National Labor Relations Board v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corp., effectively outlawed sit-down strikes.

1942

The Battle of the Java Sea began during World War II; Imperial Japanese naval forces scored a decisive victory over the Allies.

1951

The 22nd Amendment to the Constitution, limiting a president to two terms of office, was ratified.

1973

Members of the American Indian Movement occupied the hamlet of Wounded Knee in South Dakota, the site of the 1890 massacre of Sioux men, women and children. The occupation lasted until the following May.

Birthdays

Rock singer-musician Neal Schon is 69. Rock musician Adrian Smith is 66. R&B singer Chilli is 52. Chelsea Clinton is 43. Singer Josh Groban is 42. Rock musician Jared Champion is 49. Actor Kate Mara is 40.