DAMASCUS, Syria — Syria’s new rulers held a long-awaited national dialogue conference Tuesday, which they touted as a “rare historical opportunity” to rebuild the country after the fall of former President Bashar Assad and nearly 14 years of civil war.

About 600 people from across Syria were invited to the gathering in the presidential palace in Damascus, hosted by the new authorities led by the Islamist former insurgent group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, or HTS. The group led the offensive that ousted Assad in December.

“Just as Syria has liberated itself by itself, it is appropriate for it to build itself by itself,” interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa told the conference. “What we are experiencing today is an exceptional and rare historical opportunity in which we must use every moment to serve the interests of our people and our nation and honor the sacrifices of its children.”

Syria’s new rulers have promised an inclusive political transition. They will be closely watched by Syrians and the international community, including countries weighing whether to lift sanctions imposed during Assad’s authoritarian rule.

Syria faces major challenges, from rebuilding an economy and war-wrecked infrastructure to setting up a new constitution and justice mechanisms for those accused of war crimes.

Although incidents of revenge and collective punishment have been far less widespread than expected, many in Syria’s minority communities — including Kurds, Christians, Druze and members of Assad’s Alawite sect — are concerned for their future and not convinced by promises of inclusive governance.

HTS was formerly affiliated with al-Qaida, although it broke ties, and al-Sharaa has since preached coexistence.

inclusive invitations

The organizers of the Damascus conference said that all of Syria’s communities were invited. Women and members of minority religious communities were among the attendees.

“There were proposals made without any fear and we were able to express our opinions,” said Sanabal Marandi, who took part in the session for nongovernmental organizations and civil society said.

She added that she hopes the recommendations “will be implemented in reality.”

The gathering was meant to come up with nonbinding recommendations on the country’s interim rules before drafting a new constitution and forming a new government.

In the closing session Tuesday, conference organizing committee member Huda Attassi gave a statement announcing the recommendations reached in the discussions.

The statement called for the country’s leaders to “expedite the announcement of a temporary constitutional declaration” to address the transitional phase while a new constitution is being drafted and for “accelerating the formation of the interim legislative council” to fill the role of a parliament until new elections take place. Al-Sharaa had previously said that it could take up to four years to hold elections.

armed groups

Syria’s new leaders also face the challenge of transforming former insurgent factions into a single national army they say should control all of the country’s territory.

Some armed groups — mainly the U.S.-backed, Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, which holds sway in northeastern Syria — have refused to disarm and dissolve their units.

SDF figures weren’t invited to the conference, although the organizers said the Kurdish community would be represented.

A group of mostly Kurdish political parties said in a statement on Tuesday that the conference did “not reflect the reality of the Syrian components” and warned that it would be “meaningless, worthless and ineffective and will not contribute to finding real solutions to the crisis that the country is suffering from.”