1812

The USS Constitution defeated the British frigate HMS Guerriere off Nova Scotia during the War of 1812, earning the nickname “Old Ironsides.”

1814

During the War of 1812, British forces landed in Maryland, with the objective of capturing Washington, D.C.

1848

The New York Herald reported the discovery of gold in California.

1934

A plebiscite in Germany approved the vesting of sole executive power in Adolf Hitler.

2010

The last American combat brigade exited Iraq, seven years and five months after the U.S.-led invasion began.