1942

The Philippine capital of Manila was captured by Japanese forces during World War II.

1959

The Soviet spacecraft Luna 1 launched, becoming the first spacecraft to escape Earth’s gravity.

1971

66 people were killed in a pileup of spectators leaving a soccer match at Ibrox Stadium in Glasgow, Scotland.

1974

President Richard Nixon signed legislation requiring states to limit highway speeds to 55 miles an hour as a way of conserving gasoline in the face of an OPEC oil embargo. (The 55 mph limit was effectively phased out in 1987; federal speed limits were abolished in 1995.)

2016

A heavily armed group led by brothers Ammon and Ryan Bundy seized the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon, beginning a 41-day standoff to protest the imprisonment of two ranchers convicted of setting fires on public land and to demand the federal government turn over public lands to local control.

Birthdays

Filmmaker Todd Haynes is 64. Baseball Hall of Famer Edgar Martínez is 62. Actor-singer Tia Carrere is 58. Actor Cuba Gooding Jr. is 57. Model Christy Turlington is 56. Actor Taye Diggs is 54. Actor Renée Elise Goldsberry is 54. Actor-comedian Dax Shepard is 50. Singer-rapper Bryson Tiller is 32.