1431

Joan of Arc, condemned as a heretic, was burned at the stake in Rouen, France.

1922

The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated in a ceremony attended by President Warren G. Harding, Chief Justice William Howard Taft and Abraham Lincoln’s surviving son, 78-year-old Robert Todd Lincoln.

1971

The American space probe Mariner 9 blasted off from Cape Kennedy on a journey to Mars.

2024

Donald Trump became the first former American president to be convicted of felony crimes as a New York jury found him guilty of all 34 charges in a scheme to illegally influence the 2016 election through a hush money payment to a porn actor who said the two had sex.