1788

The United States Constitution went into effect as New Hampshire became the required ninth state to ratify it.

1893

The first Ferris wheel opened to the public as part of the Chicago World’s Fair.

1942

An Imperial Japanese submarine fired shells at Fort Stevens on the Oregon coast, but caused little damage.

1964

Civil rights activists James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner were murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi; their bodies were found buried in an earthen dam six weeks later.

1982

A jury in Washington, D.C. found John Hinckley Jr. not guilty by reason of insanity in the shootings of President Ronald Reagan, Press Secretary James Brady, Washington D.C. police office Thomas Delahanty and Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy.

1989

A sharply divided Supreme Court ruled, in Texas v. Johnson, that burning the American flag as a form of political protest was protected by the First Amendment.

Birthdays

Composer Lalo Schifrin is 93. Musician Ray Davies is 81. Actor Meredith Baxter is 78. Musician Nils Lofgren is 74. Cartoonist Berkeley Breathed is 68. Actor Juliette Lewis is 52. Actor Chris Pratt is 46. Britain’s Prince William is 43.