2001: The war in Afghanistan started as the United States and Britain launched air attacks against military targets and Osama bin Laden’s training camps in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks.

2023: Hamas-led militants launched air and ground attacks on Israel, killing nearly 1,200 and taking more than 250 hostages. The attacks marked the beginning of the current Israel-Hamas War.

In the nation

1998: Matthew Shepard, a gay college student, was beaten and left tied to a wooden fencepost outside of Laramie; he died five days later. Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney are serving life sentences for murder.

Today’s birthdays

Author Thomas Keneally is 89. Musician John Mellencamp is 73. Rock musician Tico Torres is 71. Cellist Yo-Yo Ma is 69. Recording executive Simon Cowell is 65. Musician-actor Toni Braxton is 57. Musician Thom Yorke (Radiohead) is 56. Football Hall of Famer Charles Woodson is 48. MLB outfielder Mookie Betts is 32.

— The Associated Press