JOSEPH CITY, Ariz. >> Brantley Baird never misses a chance to talk history, from how his great-grandmother helped settle the town of Snowflake long before Arizona was granted statehood to tales of riding to school bareback and tethering his horse outside the one-room schoolhouse.

His family worked the land and raised livestock, watching the railroad come and go and cattle empires rise and fall. Then came the coal-fired power plants, built throughout northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico to power progress in distant Western cities.

The plants would play their own role in the history of the region and could wind up at the center of its uncertain future.

The Cholla Power Plant stands just down the road from where Baird, 88, has been building a museum to showcase covered wagons, weathered farm implements and other remnants of frontier days. For years the plant powered the local economy, providing jobs and tax revenues for the unincorporated community of Joseph City, its schools and neighboring towns, but now the vapors from its stacks have dissipated.

These days, change is in the air. Cholla is the latest in a long line of U.S. coal-fired plants to retire, shutting down in March. Arizona Public Service said it had become too costly to operate due to strict environmental regulations. The mandates were aimed at reining in coal-burning utilities, long viewed by scientists as major contributors to warming the planet.

Last month, however, President Donald Trump reversed course, signing new executive orders aimed at restoring “ beautiful, clean coal “ to the forefront of U.S. energy supplies. He urged his administration to find ways to reopen Cholla and delay the planned retirements of others. As part of his push toward energy independence, Trump has pledged to tap domestic sources — coal included — to fuel a new wave of domestic manufacturing and technology, namely innovations in artificial intelligence.

In the West, where the vision of far-off politicians sometimes crashes against reality, Baird and many of his neighbors were encouraged that Trump put Cholla in the spotlight, but there’s some skepticism about what the utilities will do with the plants.

“As many jobs as it gives people, as much help just to our school district right here that we get out of there, we’re hoping that it will come back, too,” said Baird, who used to work at the Cholla plant and has served on the Joseph City School Board.

Yet, he and others wonder if it’s too late for coal.

Wind resistance

In Springerville, the idea of spoiling the surrounding grasslands and ancient volcanic fields with 112 wind turbines — with blades standing taller than Seattle’s Space Needle — provokes outrage. Banners and posters objecting to the proposal are plastered around town.

“They all know that this won’t work, that we can’t rely on wind and solar,” said Doug Henderson, a Springerville plant retiree who now sits on the town council. He says coal-fired generation can accommodate swings in demand, regardless of whether there’s sunshine or wind.

Springerville Mayor Shelly Reidhead and others are fighting to keep the wind farm from happening, saying repurposing the Springerville coal plant would mean more jobs and preserve the surrounding landscape.

“We also survive on tourism and people don’t want to come here and look at that,” Reidhead said of the turbines.

The Western Drug and General Store is adorned with tiny American flags tacked up outside.

A sign advertises canning supplies, but locals joke that you can get anything here — from slippers to rifles.

Andrea Hobson works the register and knows everyone by name. She moved to Springerville about 20 years ago from California and says it’s hard to imagine the community without the power plant.

“It would be a ghost town. It really would,” she said. “That’s the heart of this town.”

Filling the economic void

Springerville’s leaders have lost sleep trying to figure out what industries might fill the void. At stake are about 350 jobs, dozens of contract employees and the businesses they support — from the general store and the new frozen yogurt shop to the hospital and local churches.

Some workers drive an hour to the Springerville plant every day, meaning other communities also will lose out, said Randel Penrod, a former crew manager at the plant. With retirement looming, the plant has trimmed its workforce.

Henderson, the Springerville town council member, fears it could take years to permit a new plant.

Reidhead is more hopeful after attending meetings with members of Arizona’s congressional delegation and utility executives. She thinks the Trump administration can reduce the “red tape” and get new plants up and running. The development of artificial intelligence and its thirst for power gives the mission a sense of urgency.

“I think our politicians at a state level have realized with AI’s need for the power, that if we don’t get on board and get on board soon we’re going to be left behind,” she said.

Some energy analysts say Trump’s support of coal is mostly symbolic, since utilities hold the keys. Others say diversifying energy sources is a must as the U.S. sees increases in power demand predicted for the first time in decades.