The Biden administration on Friday announced measures that will add tariffs to Chinese products worth tens of billions of dollars, a move intended to protect U.S. factories and project a tough-on-China approach before the presidential election.

The tariffs, which range from 7.5% to 100%, will apply to clothing, solar panels, electric vehicles, syringes, steel and other goods that China has been selling at far cheaper prices than many U.S. businesses, threatening to put U.S. factories out of business.

The steps are likely to raise the cost of some imports at a time when Americans are already dissatisfied with rising prices. But they also represent a major effort by the Biden administration to address a salient political issue for some voters: America’s dependence on China for an array of products.

Both Democrats and Republicans have turned away from emphasizing the benefits of freer trade to criticizing the role that Chinese imports have played in hollowing out U.S. manufacturing and damaging the communities centered around those factories. This week, Vice President Kamala Harris sparred with former President Donald Trump over the impact of tariffs, and Republican lawmakers proposed several new laws aimed at reducing China’s economic influence.

One of the measures the Biden administration proposed would drastically limit a trade rule, called de minimis, that allowed more than 1 billion packages from China to enter the United States last year without being subject to existing tariffs. The administration said a flood of shipments under the rule had hurt U.S. manufacturers and allowed products like fentanyl and counterfeit goods to come into the country.

The trade rule allows packages to be shipped from foreign countries directly to consumers or businesses without paying tariffs, as long as the shipments do not exceed $800 per recipient per day. The new proposal would strip that exemption from a wide array of products and is likely to have a significant impact on large exporters of Chinese goods such as Shein and Temu, two online marketplaces that have become popular with American shoppers.

“The drastic increase in de minimis shipments has made it increasingly difficult to target and block illegal or unsafe shipments coming into the U.S.,” said Daleep Singh, the deputy White House national security adviser for international economics.

“We’re making sure foreign companies respect our laws and don’t endanger American families,” Singh added.

The Biden administration Friday also published a long-awaited review of the tariffs that the Trump administration placed on more than $300 billion worth of Chinese goods beginning in 2018.

The report, which runs to 187 pages, concluded that the Trump tariffs had been effective in reducing U.S. exposure to harmful trade practices from China and that they should be maintained. It found that those tariffs had encouraged China to take steps toward eliminating some of its harmful policies, though the report said such programs continue to exist.

The report also said that the tariffs contributed to U.S. companies shifting their sourcing out of and away from China. China’s overall share of U.S. imports fell to 13.7% in 2023 from 21.6% in 2017.

As part of the review, the Biden administration said it was adding or increasing tariffs on additional products from China, including electric vehicles, battery parts, medical gloves, graphite, semiconductors and other goods. Those levies will go into effect Sept. 27. The Biden administration put forward some of these additional tariffs in May, but this week’s report finalized those measures as well as proposed additional levies on tungsten and solar products.

Katherine Tai, the U.S. trade representative, said in a statement that the tariffs would “target the harmful policies and practices of the People’s Republic of China that continue to impact American workers and businesses.”

The Information Technology Industry Council, a trade association for technology firms, said the additional tariffs on chips and other electronics would “cause more disruption and instability in global supply chains.”

The Biden administration “has repeatedly dismissed industry concerns regarding economic impacts and supply chain resilience in favor of more tariffs,” it said.