1849

Congress established the U.S. Department of the Interior.

1931

President Herbert Hoover signed a bill making “The Star-Spangled Banner” the national anthem of the United States.

1943

In London’s East End, 173 people died in a crush of bodies at the Bethnal Green Tube station, which was being used as a wartime air raid shelter.

1945

Allied troops fully secured the Philippine capital of Manila from Japanese forces during World War II after a monthlong battle that destroyed much of the city.

1969

Apollo 9 blasted off from Cape Kennedy on a mission to test NASA’s lunar module.

2022

OxyContin maker Purdue Pharma reached a nationwide settlement over its role in the opioid crisis, with the Sackler family members who own the company boosting their cash contribution to as much as $6 billion in a deal intended to staunch a flood of lawsuits.

Birthdays

Football Hall of Famer Randy Gradishar is 73. Musician Robyn Hitchcock is 72. Olympic track and field gold medalist Jackie Joyner-Kersee is 63. Actor Julie Bowen is 55. Actor Jessica Biel is 43. NBA forward Jayson Tatum is 27.