CHICAGO — Few people running for public office have been more personally affected by gun violence than Chris Kennedy, who was a child when his father and uncle, Senator Robert F. Kennedy and President John F. Kennedy, were assassinated.

Now the 54-year-old Democrat has made the issue a centerpiece of his campaign for Illinois­ governor, talking often about growing up without a father and family trips to Arlington National Cemetery, and saying that too many people feel the same kind of pain.

The move has brought endorsements from African-American leaders, including US Representatives Bobby Rush and Danny Davis, and could help Kennedy earn support in the March primary from black voters, who have been disproportionately hurt by gun violence.

But it’s also put him at odds with Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel and others and prompted accusations of race baiting, after Kennedy said much of the violence is due to systemic disinvestment in black neighborhoods.

He accused Emanuel, who was White House chief of staff in the Obama administration, of pushing black people out of the city through a ‘‘strategic gentrification plan’’ that includes cutting funding for police and public schools.

‘‘Our government needs to be held accountable for subjecting our communities to a life of crimes of survival,’’ Kennedy told supporters. ‘‘We can reduce and control gun violence in our communities, but we need to be honest with ourselves about why it’s happening.’’

Emanuel called the comments ‘‘hallucinatory’’ and said he’d like to hear ‘‘ideas, not insults.’’ A mayoral spokesman said it was ‘‘a direct assault on one of this city’s greatest strengths: our diversity.’’

Kennedy’s other critics, including campaign rivals, called the comment hypocritical, noting he was praising Emanuel not long ago and donated $5,000 to his campaign. The Chicago Tribune, in an editorial, called it ‘‘a cynical and divisive pitch for votes.’’

Kennedy is one of six Democrats seeking the party’s nomination March 20 for the chance to unseat first-term Governor Bruce Rauner, widely considered one of the most vulnerable Republican incumbents up for reelection this fall.

Kennedy’s father was killed in 1968 as he ran for president, nearly five years after John F. Kennedy’s assassination.

‘‘He understands. He gets it,’’ Rush said. ‘‘We don’t have to sit down and go over violence.’’