CHICAGO — Another folk remedy bites the dust. Cranberry capsules didn’t prevent or cure urinary infections in nursing home residents in a study challenging persistent unproven claims to the contrary.
The research adds to decades of conflicting evidence on whether cranberries in any form can prevent extremely common bacterial infections, especially in women. Many studies suggesting a benefit were based on weak science, but that hasn’t stopped marketers and even some health care providers from recommending cranberry juice or capsules as an inexpensive way to avoid these uncomfortable and potentially risky infections.
The new study, published online Thursday in the Journal of the American Medical Association, used rigorous methods, and the results are convincing, according to a journal editorial. Health care providers who encourage using cranberry products as a prevention method ‘‘are doing their patients a disservice,’’ the editorial says.
Urinary infections lead to 9 million doctor visits and more than 1 million hospitalizations each year. Almost half of all US women will develop at least one such infection in their lifetime. Men, because of their anatomy, are less vulnerable.
Symptoms can include painful frequent urination and fatigue. Antibiotics are often used to treat the infections, which usually are not serious but can lead to kidney infections and sometimes dangerous bloodstream infections.
Urinary infections are the most commonly diagnosed infection in nursing home residents, but they often have no obvious symptoms, and evidence suggests antibiotics have little effect in older patients without symptoms, the study authors say.
The research included 147 older women in nursing homes who were randomly assigned to take two cranberry capsules or dummy pills for a year. The number of women with laboratory evidence of infection varied during the study but averaged about 29 percent overall in both groups.
Ten infections in the cranberry group caused overt symptoms, compared with 12 in the placebo group, a difference deemed statistically insignificant. There also were no differences in hospitalizations and deaths between the groups.
The National Institutes of Health helped pay for the research, led by Dr. Manisha Juthani-Mehta, a Yale University infectious disease specialist.
Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc. promotes the purported health benefits on its website. Responding to the study, company spokeswoman Kellyanne Dignan cited previous studies that suggested a benefit.
‘‘We take great pride in our cranberry products and the health benefits associated with them.’’
