KATHMANDU, Nepal — Nepalese gathered at the remains of a historic tower in the capital and other sites across the nation to hold memorial services marking the one-year anniversary of a devastating earthquake, which killed nearly 9,000 people and left millions homeless.

Minor protests were also held, with demonstrators angry at the slow rate of reconstruction following the magnitude-7.8 quake that ravaged vast areas of Nepal.

Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli laid a wreath at the ruins of the Dharahara tower in the heart of Kathmandu. The iconic structure collapsed in the quake, killing 132 people. In all, 8,856 people died in the disaster.

‘‘I lost a friend who was working at the top of the tower on that day. I hope he and others are in a good place,’’ said Ram Shrestha, pointing at the remains of the tower.

Madhav Newpane, who runs a shop near the tower, witnessed its collapse. He returned on Sunday with a bouquet of flowers and candles.

‘‘I will never be able to forget that day,’’ Newpane said.

About 100 protesters, demonstrating against the slow rebuilding of the homes, scuffled with police outside the prime minister’s office. About 600,000 homes were destroyed.

Associated Press