Emotion plays a huge role in politics. You can see it by the mass cheering and booing at the conventions and by politicians’ use of our fear, anger, and contempt to manipulate us. However, emotions are not a sound basis for good democratic government. I have striven to create guidelines for rational voting in this time in which so many political orientations and expectations have been suddenly and unexpectedly upended.

The ideas of Daniel Kahneman, author of “Thinking, Fast and Slow,’’ and Christopher Achen, author of “Democracy for Realists,’’ have been of great value. Kahneman explains why we are so often irrational, and Achen examines why our democracy is not working well.

As we seek a rational foundation for our votes, there is much to consider. I believe that sticking to the following difficult guidelines will result in better voting decisions:

First, always look for new ideas and information. Seek out and evaluate arguments that contradict your present opinions, then modify your ideas as required. You may be wrong and others right, and you can change your mind.

Second, become aware of and control the effect of your own fears, biases, and prejudices on your judgment.

Third, vote for candidates not just because they look or sound good, but because they are the most fit for the positions they’re running for.

Fourth, never let any party, person, group, dogma, or ideology dictate to you, but always think logically for yourself. Place your trust sparingly, and with care.

Jonathan Wells

West Newbury