Today is Tuesday, July 12, the 194th day of 2016. There are 172 days left in the year.

Today’s birthdays: Comedian Bill Cosby is 79. Singer Christine McVie is 73. Actress Denise Nicholas is 72. Fitness guru Richard Simmons is 68. Writer-producer Brian Grazer is 65. Actress Cheryl Ladd is 65. Olympic gold medal figure skater Kristi Yamaguchi is 45. Golfer Inbee Park is 28. Actress Rachel Brosnahan is 26. Olympic gold medal gymnast Jordyn Wieber is 21. Nobel Peace laureate Malala Yousafzai is 19.

In 1909, the House of Representatives joined the Senate in passing the 16th Amendment to the Constitution, allowing for a federal income tax, and submitted it to the states. (It was declared ratified in February 1913.)

In 1967, six days of race-related rioting erupted in Newark; the violence claimed 26 lives.

In 1984, Democratic presidential candidate Walter F. Mondale announced his choice of Representative Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York to be his running-mate; Ferraro was the first woman to run for vice president on a major-party ticket.

In 1988, Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis tapped Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas as his running-mate.

In 1991, a Japanese professor (Hitoshi Igarashi) who had translated Salman Rushdie’s ‘‘The Satanic Verses’’ was stabbed to death, nine days after an Italian translator was attacked.

Last year, on his South American tour, Pope Francis put into practice his call for the powerless to not be left on society’s margins by visiting a slum in Paraguay and insisting the Catholic Church welcome all — sick and sinners especially.