BRUSSELS — The idea of screening Europe-bound asylum-seekers in North Africa and the Balkans gained support from several European Union leaders Sunday as tensions over how best to handle new arrivals threatened to undermine the bloc’s unity.
At emergency talks in Brussels, a group of 16 countries led by France and Germany were thrashing out who should take responsibility for the thousands of migrants landing primarily in Italy, Greece, and Spain, how long they should take care of them, and how much their European partners should do to help out.
Failure to agree on how to deal with the challenge of migration threatens the EU’s border-free travel area, one of the biggest accomplishments in the bloc’s 60-year history.
The number of people arriving in Europe has dropped significantly this year — the United Nations’ refugee agency forecasts around 80,000 people will enter by sea in 2018 if current trends continue — but the EU’s political turmoil over the topic has soared.
Anti-immigrant parties — and governments in Hungary and Italy — have been fomenting public fears of foreigners and have won support doing so.
Encouraged by a deal with Turkey that has slashed migrant arrivals from there by 97 percent since 2015 — when hundreds of thousands of people entered, mostly migrants fleeing war in Syria and Iraq — the 28-nation EU is ready to green-light plans to set up screening centers in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Niger, and Tunisia.
Plans to set up migrant reception centers in Albania are also under discussion.
French President Emmanuel Macron said ‘‘the method that we are going to adopt’’ would involve ‘‘working together vis a vis the countries of transit and origin outside the European Union.’’ He mentioned Libya (the main jumping off point for countries bound for Europe), other African countries, and the Balkans.
Noting that migrant arrivals have dropped significantly, Macron said: ‘‘it’s a political crisis that Europe and the European Union is mostly living today.’’
The prime ministers of Denmark, Belgium, and Luxembourg also backed the idea of outsourcing the effort to tame migration, although they emphasized the need to respect international law.
The International Organization for Migration and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are cautious about setting up ‘‘hot spots’’ outside of Europe to filter people fleeing violence at home from those trying to get to the continent to improve their lives economically. No country has so far agreed to host any screening centers, according to the EU’s top migration official.
It’s also unclear how much the effort would cost, but the EU-Turkey deal has so far cost more than $3.5 billion.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is battling a domestic political crisis with her coalition partners over migration, played down hopes that a full EU summit starting on Thursday will clinch any comprehensive agreement on how to deal with migration.
Merkel instead is pushing for bilateral and trilateral deals to cope with short-term migration pressures. EU nations, Merkel said, have to see ‘‘how can we help each other without always having to wait for all 28, but by thinking what’s important to whom.’’
‘‘It is also about bi- and trilateral agreements for mutual benefit,’’ she said. France’s Macron also supported the idea of members acting in smaller groups.
Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said he would propose a plan representing a ‘‘paradigm change’’ in how Europe manages migration. Conte said it would replace the current migration rules — known as the Dublin Regulations — which insist that migrants must apply for asylum in the first European country they land in.
On Sunday, Libya’s coast guard intercepted some 460 African migrants, including dozens of children and women, in the Mediterranean Sea near its shores.
A group of 97 passengers, included 22 women and 26 children, on a rubber boat was stopped Sunday off the coast of the town of Zliten, Libyan government spokesman Ayoub Gassim said. Another two boats, carrying 361 migrants including 88 women and 44 children, were intercepted off the coast of the western town of Khoms, he said.
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez urged his EU partners to help Spain deal with a growing number of arrivals across the Mediterranean Sea. The UNHCR said around 40,000 people have arrived in Europe by sea so far this year, some 16,000 in Italy, 12,000 in Greece, and 12,000 in Spain.
A Spanish aid group that has rescued thousands of migrants from the Mediterranean said Italy had declined its offer to help seven smugglers’ boats carrying about 1,000 migrants in need of rescue off Libya’s coast.
Proactiva Open Arms said in a tweet Sunday that Italy is seeking to have the Libyan coast guard force the migrants back to North Africa.
