CHICAGO — Accidental overdoses aren’t the only deadly risk from using powerful prescription painkillers. The drugs may also contribute to heart-related deaths and other fatalities, new research suggests.
Among more than 45,000 patients in the study, those using opioid painkillers had a 64 percent higher risk of dying within six months of starting treatment, compared to patients taking other prescription pain medicine. Unintentional overdoses accounted for about 18 percent of the deaths among opioid users, versus 8 percent of the other patients.
‘‘As bad as people think the problem of opioid use is, it’s probably worse,’’ said Wayne Ray, the lead author and a health policy professor at Vanderbilt University’s medical school. ‘‘They should be a last resort, and particular care should be exercised for patients who are at cardiovascular risk.’’
His caution echoes recent advice from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, trying to stem the nation’s opioid epidemic. The problem includes abuse of street drugs like heroin and overuse of prescription opioids such as hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine. The drugs can slow breathing and can worsen disrupted breathing that occurs with sleep apnea, potentially leading to irregular heartbeats, heart attacks, or sudden death, the study authors said.
In 2014, there were more than 14,000 fatal overdoses linked with the painkillers in the United States.
The study suggests even more have died from causes linked with the drugs, and bolster evidence in previous research linking them with heart problems.
The study involved more than 45,000 adult Medicaid patients in Tennessee from 1999 to 2012.
The results were published Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The study involved only Medicaid patients, who include low-income and disabled adults and who are among groups disproportionately affected by opioid abuse.
Ray noted that the study excluded the sickest patients and those with any evidence of drug abuse. He said similar results would probably be found in other groups.
Dr. Chad Brummett, director of pain research at the University of Michigan Health System, said the study highlights risks from the drugs in a novel way and underscores why their use should be limited.
‘‘We’ve sounded the alarm over and over again,’’ Brummett said.
Other research has suggested that the drugs aren’t effective at reducing back pain and some of the other common conditions for which they’re often prescribed.
